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Levels 3 and 4 table

At levels 3 and 4 - review the basic ideas from levels 1 and 2, and add detail and extend the range of these basic ideas. Aim for your learners to understand the following ideas:

  • Focus on the function of parts of the sentence: predicate, subject, direct object, various other phrases/comments, for example: comments of place and time.
  • Negatives of simple verbal sentences.
  • Negatives of simple nominal sentences.
  • Complex sentences: co-ordination of phrases and of clauses.
  • Introduction to the idea of subordination, subordinate clauses, clauses that cannot stand alone.
  • Introduction to adverbial clauses.
  • Various types of comments, and their place in sentences, for example: comments of place and time.
  • The verbal particles: introduce a range of tense, aspect and mood markers.
  • Verbs: focus on experience and neuter or stative verbs.
  • Nouns: focus on locatives or local nouns.
  • Focus on adjectives, adding comparatives and superlatives.
  • Focus on post-posed particles, for example: directional, locative and manner particles.
  • More on interrogative words, tēhea? ēhea? he aha … ai? nahea?
  • Numbers and counting above 100, adding the prefix taki-.
  • How to use quantity words such as maha, tini, iti / paku, nui / rahi, katoa.
  • The form and effect of the nominal suffix.
  • The forms and effects of reduplication.
  • The form and meaning of compound words.

Levels 3 and 4

References to Harlow, 2001

Harlow pages

References to Head, 1989 (available online)

Head pages

Negatives: negating possessive sentences ehara,
for example: Ehara au nō Porirua
Possessive predicates 150-152    
Negatives: negating location sentences kāore,
for example: Kāore au i Porirua
Predicates of place with kei, i, hei 152-153    
Other negatives Predicates beginning with hei
Other negation types
153    
Review: negating simple verbal sentences Negation of simple sentences Sentences whose predicate is a verb phrase 141-153
143-147
Negative action sentences
Negative passive action sentences
50-53
60
Verbal sentences - extend the range of verbal particles (tense, aspect and mood markers); see also experience verbs and neuter verbs under word classes below kia
i te
me
kei
54-56
56-57
59
59-60
61-62
   
Negatives of verbal sentences - extend the range: kaua, kāti,
kāore anō …kia
Negative constructions
Sentences whose predicate is a verb phrase
142-143
143-147
   
Complex sentences and phrases: focus on coordination (two items of the same 'rank' are joined) Co-ordination 181-185    
Coordination of phrases using me,
for example:te mīti me te kūmara
me 183-184    
Coordination of phrases using hoki,
for example:te mīti, te kūmara hoki
hoki 184    
Coordination of clauses / sentences by placing one phrase or clause next to another – juxtaposition,
Ka tū rātou, ka katakata
Co-ordination by juxtaposition 182    
Coordination of clauses / sentences using ā,
Ka tū rātou, ā, ka katakata
ā 185    
The second phrase explains the one before it – apposition
Ko taku hoa, a Manu …
Apposition 185    
Fronting for emphasis (putting important information at the beginning of the sentence.) for example:
Ko Manu i tae atu ki te kura
Fronting transformations 193-196    
Complex sentences: introduce subordination, more straightforward types of subordinate clauses Complex sentences
Adverbial clauses
234-235
239-252
   
Adverbs and adverbials – words, phrases and clauses – provide information in the sentence about things such as place, time, cause, reason, purpose and manner
Fronting for emphasis (putting important information at the beginning of the sentence.) for example:
Ko Manu i tae atu ki te kura
Fronting transformations 193-196    
Adverbials of time,
for example:
āpōpō, ā tērā wiki, i nāianei, i te Rāhoroi
Comments of time
Time expressions
Fronted comments of time
Clauses of time
168
287-296
200-202
238-244
   
Adverbials of place
kei te wharenui, kei te kura, i te kāinga, ki te marae
Comments of place
i or ki?
167-168
175-176
   
Adverbials of reason,
for example: He aha koe i tangi ai?
Comments of reason
Clauses of reason
41
246-248
   
Adverbials of purpose,
for example:
Hōmai tō moni kei ngaro.
Kua haere atu ia ki reira mahi ai

Comments of purpose

Clauses of purpose

56, 58, 60,
62, 64
244-246
253-254
255
   
Expressing habitual action,
for example:
He hoko kai taku mahi i ngā Rāhoroi.
Haere ai au ki te marae ki te āwhina.
Ko tēnei te marae e tū ai ngā hui kapa haka
Habitual aspect
e … ai
Table 7.2
58
262
263
   
Focus on types of commands,
for example:
E noho.
Haere ki te kura.
Whakarongo ki te kaiako
Kimihia te kupu tika
Ka haere tātou
Me hoki mai ā tērā wiki
Kia kaha
Commands 216-222    
Questions
Review yes-no questions and WH- questions, introduce alternative questions, for example:
Kei te hiahia koe ki te noho mai, ki te haere rānei?
Alternative questions 224-225 Questions: identity sentences
Classification sentences
Action sentences
State sentences
N-class possession sentences Location sentences
Counting sentences
12-16
38
53-55
80-81
87-89
94-95
122-123
Identify the parts of sentences, the structure/form of phrases or comments and their function/uses or role in the sentence: for example: predicate, subject, direct object, indirect object, adverbial
Word classes        
Numbers above 100        
Quantity and size words. for example: maha, tini, iti, paku, nui, rahi        
Nouns: review basic information on nouns: common, personal Nouns 20-29    
Nouns: focus in more detail on locative / local nouns,
for example: tātahi, tai, uta, runga, roto etc.
Locative nouns 21-28    
Verbs: review verbs from levels 1 and 2 Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs 29-31    
Verbs: experience verbs,
for example:pīrangi, hiahia, mōhio, rongo
Experience verbs 30-31    
Verbs: neuter / stative verbs,
for example: mate, mahue, whati, pau
Neuter verbs 31    
Neuter verb agents,
for example:
Kua oti i a au te mahi
Kua mahue au i te pahi
Kua pakaru te wini i a Manu
‘i’ phrase as agent of neuter verb; Agents of neuter verbs 77
166
   
Verb particles (tense, aspect, mood markers): review those previously introduced and extend the range ka, kia, i te, me, kei 54-56
56-57
59
59-60
   
Adjectives Adjectives 32-33    
Preposed modifiers,
for example:
tino, āta, āhua, mātua, etc.
Me āta haere. Kua āhua paru. Kei te tino makariri au
Modifiers which precede their heads 47-50    
Haere as a modifier,
for example:
Kei te pau haere aku moni
Kua iti haere te kai
Adjectives and neuter verbs plus haere 46-47    
Kei te rapu haere ia i ana hū        
Verbs: about how to use 'taea' Excursus on taea 191-192    
Review plural and dual pronouns        
Review and add detail on plural and dual possessive pronouns Possessive determiners 69-74    
Add detail on ā / ō categories of possession - explore meanings in more depth Comments following nouns 157-163    
Postposed particles: review directional and locative particles, introduce manner particles,
for example:
kau, kē, noa, rawa, tonu - manner
mai, atu, ake, iho - directional
nei, nā, rā - locative
Structure of the post-posed periphery
Order of particles
Manner particles
Directional particles
Locative particles

85-86

86-88

89-94
94-96
96-99

   
Rite tonu ‘just like’
Rite tonu ia ki a Kiri Te Kanawa ki te waiata
tonu 93-94    
Mā / Nā – actor emphatic
Mā wai e mahi?
Nā Manu i mau mai
Actor emphatic 30
196-199
   
Review and extend nā / nō possession, and the forms
Nāku, nōu, nō rātou etc.
Nōku te whare
Nāku tēnā pukapuka
nā / nō 81
157-158
   
Focus on mā / mō possession, and the possessive forms māku, mōu, mō rātou, etc.
Mā ngā tamariki aua pukapuka
mā / mō 81-82    
He kāinga tērā mō te manu        
Word formation        
Reduplication - full and partial - and its meanings,
for example:tiro, titiro, tirotiro
paki, papaki; pakipaki
Reduplication 113-118    
Plural form of some nouns: kinship terms (vowel infix – lengthened vowel in plural.) for example: tipuna, tīpuna. Plural form of some words when used as adjectives, for example: nui, nunui Plural Partial reduplication: adjectives 20-21 114-115    
Review: whaka- as a transitivising prefix whaka- added to adjectives, neuter verbs and intransitive verbs 122-123    
whaka- with nouns 'to become a …' whaka- with nouns 124    
number prefix taki- (distributive)
takitahi, takiwhā
Me mahi takirua
taki- 119-120    
ā- prefix for example:
ā-kanohi, ā-ringa, ā-iwi, ā-tau
ā- with nouns 125-126    
Suffixes: nominal,
for example:-nga, -tanga, -hanga
mahinga, tīmatanga, tangihanga
The nominalisation suffix 129-131    
Compounding, compound words,
for example:wharenui, Rāhoroi, koretake
Compounds 131-132    



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