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Levels 5 and 6 table
At levels 5 and 6 - review the ideas / forms / functions from levels 1-4. Add detail to, and extend the range of, these basic ideas. Be aware of any learners who need ‘catch-up’ work on structures already introduced, and those who need more extension than others. Aim for your learners to understand the following ideas:
- Complex sentences: subordination.
- Adverbial phrases and clauses of various sorts, and when to use each type.
- The more straightforward types of relative clauses.
- A brief introduction to noun or complement clauses.
- More on categories of possession and possessive expressions.
- More detail about verbal particles (tense, aspect and mood markers) and how these are used in spoken and written texts.
- The ideas of tense (time of action), aspect (type of action), and mood (for example: signalling certainty and uncertainty, obligation, wish, intention; see Bauer, 1997).
- Review and extend knowledge of postposed particles, their range and shades of meaning.
- Explore idiom and colloquial language.
- Explore the features of various types of texts – the ways in which different texts are structured (for example: waiata, karanga, whaikōrero, conversations, letters, narratives, recipes, expository and argument essays).
| Levels 5 and 6 | References to Harlow, 2001 | Harlow pages | References to Head, 1989 (available online) | Head pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Adverbial clauses of time (state when things happen); introduce some at this level and the others at Levels 7 and 8 | Clauses of time | 239-244 | ||
|
Adverbial clauses of purpose (state the purpose for an event or action) | Clauses of purpose | 244-246 | ||
| Adverbial clauses of reason (state the reason for an event, action or state) | Clauses of reason | 246-248 | ||
|
Conditional clauses (state the conditions under which something happens) (if); with mehemea | Conditional clauses | 248-249 | ||
|
Concessive clauses (state that although one thing is the case, the other thing is still true, relevant etc.) ahakoa | Concessive clauses | 251-252 | ||
|
Comparative clauses (compare one thing to another: as if, as though) anō nei, me te mea nei | Comparative clauses | 252 | ||
| Subordination: introduction to relative clauses (clauses which qualify - add information about - a noun) | Relative clauses | 257-276 | ||
| Relative clauses - the 'zero' strategy | The 'zero' strategy of relative clause formation | 260-262 | ||
| Relative clauses- the 'ai’ strategy | The 'ai’ strategy of relative clause formation | 262-265 | ||
|
Verbs: pseudo passive ‘he mea …' He mea kai aua āporo e ngā tamariki | ‘Pseudo'-passive | 193 | ||
|
Possession tā = te … a; ā = ngā … a tō = te … o; ō = ngā … o tā Manu mahi = te mahi a Manu tō Manu matua = te matua o Manu ō Manu mātua = ngā mātua o Manu | ||||
| Focus on a / o in phrases (te patunga a Manu / te patunga o Manu) |
Comments following nouns; see also the section on nominalisations |
157-163 206-215 | ||
|
whaka- 'in direction of, towards,' For example: whakarunga, whakaroto, whakamua whakamauī, whakatemauī, whakatetonga | whaka- with locatives and phrases of place | 124-125 | ||
| Other items | ||||
|
Ehara i te mea + clause… (it isn't as if) for example: Ehara i te mea ko ia te rangatira | ||||
|
Tērā e pōhēhētia + clause one would / you’d think that …’ for example: Tērā e pōhēhētia ko ia te rangatira! | ||||
|
te mate 'the trouble with, what is wrong with' He aha te mate … ? Koina te mate …. Ko te mate … He aha te mate o te noho ki konei? Ko te mate, he makariri rawa | ||||
| Ehara! and its various meanings and uses | Yes-no questions | 223-224 | ||
| Engari! in response to questions with kāore | Yes-no questions | 223-224 | ||
| rite tonu as continuing action, to keep on doing something. He rite tonu tana waiata i taua waiata | tonu | 93-94 | ||
| Word classes | ||||
| Verb particles (tense, aspect, mood markers) |
e ana ai ki te |
57-58 60-61 62-63 64 | ||
| When to use kia, when to use ki te |
Excursus on English to and on kia vs. ki te kia vs. ki te |
253-257 255-257 | ||
| Review and extend postposed particles – add to the range of meanings known for tonu, noa, noa iho, anō, ake, etc. |
Structure of the post-posed periphery Order of particles | 85- 86 86-107 | ||
| Word formation | ||||
| Review reduplication - full and partial - and its meanings | Reduplication | 113-118 | ||
| prefix tau- | tau- | 125 | ||
| prefix mā- | mā- | 125 | ||
| prefix whaka- with transitive verbs; variant form whā- | whaka- with transitive verbs |
123-124 121 |